Brussels sprouts are a nutritious and delicious vegetable that is relatively easy to grow with proper care. To start, choose a sunny location with well-draining, fertile soil.
These cool-weather crops thrive in temperatures between 45°F and 75°F, making them ideal for planting in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest.
Prepare the soil by adding compost or well-rotted manure to improve its nutrient content and texture. Brussels sprouts prefer a soil pH of 6.0 to 7.5, so test your soil and adjust as needed using lime or sulfur.
Sow seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost or directly into the garden once the soil is workable. Plant seeds about half an inch deep, spaced 2-3 inches apart, and thin seedlings to 18-24 inches apart once they develop a few leaves.
If transplanting, ensure the seedlings are well-hardened by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions. Water the plants consistently, providing about 1-1.5 inches of water weekly, especially during dry periods, as even moisture is key for healthy growth.
As the plants grow, you’ll notice small buds forming along the stems. These are the sprouts, which mature from the bottom upward. Remove the lower leaves as the sprouts develop to encourage growth and airflow, reducing the risk of diseases.
Tall plants may require staking to prevent them from toppling over in windy conditions. Fertilize every 3-4 weeks with a balanced fertilizer to maintain nutrient levels and support continuous development.
Brussels sprouts are generally ready for harvest 80-100 days after planting, depending on the variety. Harvest sprouts when they are firm and 1-2 inches in diameter by twisting them off the stalk.